论文部分内容阅读
目的:探讨飞行人员航空鼻科疾病的临床特点,为其防控措施和医学鉴定提供参考。方法:分析和总结1966-2013年503例605例次飞行人员鼻科疾病患者的住院资料。结果:1605例次航空鼻科疾病包括550例次一般鼻科疾病和55例次特殊鼻科疾病,一般鼻科疾病包括140例次结构异常性疾病、290例次炎症性疾病、73例次变应性疾病和47例次囊肿肿瘤性疾病;特殊鼻科疾病为55例次鼻窦气压伤(SB)。2SB发生于额窦和(或)上颌窦的比例为95.55%。3囊肿肿瘤性疾病所继发的SB构成比高于结构异常性疾病、炎症性疾病、变应性疾病(均P<0.05)。4继发性SB的停飞构成比高于结构异常性疾病、炎症性疾病、变应性疾病和囊肿肿瘤性疾病的停飞构成比(均P<0.05)。5不同机种飞行人员低压舱检查方案不尽相同,鼻窦气压功能合格的飞行人员方可继续飞行。6航空鼻科疾病的治疗要点是治愈鼻内病变的同时恢复窦口通畅,医学鉴定要点是恢复正常的鼻窦气压功能。结论:航空鼻科疾病的医学鉴定关键是评估低压舱鼻窦气压功能,规范的航空鼻科疾病诊治和医学鉴定可有效避免飞行事故,提高出勤率。
Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of aviation nose diseases for pilots and provide reference for prevention and control measures and medical appraisal. Methods: To analyze and summarize the hospitalization data of 503 patients with 605 cases of nose diseases in 1966-2013. Results: A total of 1605 cases of subacute nasal diseases including 550 cases of general nasal diseases and 55 cases of special nasal diseases, general nasal diseases including 140 cases of sub-structural disorders, 290 cases of sub-inflammatory diseases, 73 cases of sub-variable 47 cases of cyst neoplasm disease and 55 cases of special sinus disease (SB). The incidence of 2SB in the frontal sinus and / or maxillary sinus was 95.55%. 3 cyst tumor disease secondary to higher than the structural ratio of structural abnormalities, inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases (all P <0.05). 4 The secondary gibbous arrest ratio was higher than that of structural abnormalities, inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases and cyst neoplastic diseases (both P <0.05). 5 different types of pilots low pressure cabin inspection program is not the same, sinus pressure function of qualified pilots can continue to fly. 6 aviation nose disease treatment is to cure nasal lesions at the same time restore sinus patency, the main point of medical identification is to restore normal sinus pressure function. Conclusion: The key point of medical identification of aviation nasal diseases is to evaluate the pressure function of the sinus of low pressure cabin. The standard diagnosis and medical identification of aviation nose diseases can effectively avoid flight accidents and improve attendance.