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切削加工时,加工系统往往会产生振动,当系统刚性不足时尤为明显。减小或消除振动的方法之一是采用专门的消振装置,常见的有阻尼消振器和冲击消振器。图1是一种用于车床的消振装置——杠杆式浮动冲击消振器。它是由惯性质量(配重)1、杠杆本体2、滚轮3、小轴4、铰支轴5及支架6组成。为了使滚轮与工件的接触点更靠近车刀,支架6可做成弯柄形式(分解图中6a)这种消振器的基本工作原理是:杠杆式本体2在其自重的作用下,通过滚轮3自由地支靠在被加工零件的表面上,当工件自振时,通过滚轮与工件间的相互冲击,扩散振动能量,起到消振的作用。
Cutting process, the processing system often produce vibration, especially when the system rigidity is not obvious. One of the ways to reduce or eliminate vibrations is to use a special damping device, damping dampers and shock absorbers. Figure 1 is a vibration suppression device for a lathe - a lever-type shock absorber. It is composed of inertial mass (counterweight) 1, lever body 2, roller 3, small shaft 4, hinge shaft 5 and bracket 6. In order to make the contact point between the roller and the workpiece closer to the turning tool, the bracket 6 can be made in the form of a bent handle (6a in exploded view). The basic working principle of this kind of shock absorber is that the lever body 2, under its own weight, The roller 3 freely rests on the surface of the workpiece to be machined. When the workpiece is self-oscillating, the vibration energy is diffused by the mutual impact between the roller and the workpiece, thereby playing the role of vibration damping.