This study was performed to establish the prevalence of perianal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in relation to HIV- positivity in a group of men who have sex with men (MSM), and to correlate follow- up data with regard to acquisition and clearance of HPV infection. Data with regard to HPV prevalence and HIV serostatus during two visits were compared. At both visits participants underwent a routine venereological examination and swabs were taken from the perianal region for HPV DNA testing. During both visits HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 52 were, significantly more often detected in HIV positive individuals. Persistence of HPV type 31 at the perianal region was significantly more often seen in HIV- positive MSM, (p=0.036)while the incidence of type 16 may be associatedwith HIV positivity (p=0.059). In HIV- positive MSM significantly more high- risk HPV types were detected at the perianal region. This study was performed to establish the prevalence of perianal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in relation to HIV-positivity in a group of men who have sex with men (MSM), and to correlate follow-up data with regard to acquisition and clearance of HPV infection. Data with regard to HPV prevalence and HIV serostatus during two visits were compared. At both visiting participants underwent a routine venereological examination and swabs were taken from the perianal region for HPV DNA testing. During both visits HPV types 16, 18, 31 , 33 and 52 were, significantly more often detected in HIV positive individuals. Persistence of HPV type 31 at the perianal region was significantly more often seen in HIV-positive MSM, (p = 0.036) while the incidence of type 16 may be associated with HIV positivity (p = 0.059). In HIV-positive MSM significantly more high risk HPV types were detected at the perianal region.