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目的了解上学方式与儿童青少年收缩压和舒张压的关系,为儿童高血压的防治提供科学依据。方法利用2004—2011年中国健康与营养调查的数据,共纳入4 651名6~17岁在校学生,具有完整性别、年龄、所住地区、体育锻炼、上学方式、身高、体重和血压等信息。按照性别进行分层,采用多元线性回归模型调整年龄、地区、BMI和体育锻炼等混杂因素,探讨不同上学方式与血压值的关系。结果不同性别、年龄、城乡、BMI分组及不同上学方式儿童青少年之间的收缩压和舒张压水平差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。多元线性回归模型显示,与步行上学方式的男生相比,乘坐公交车或地铁(β=2.85,P=0.007)以及出租车或私家车(β=3.59,P=0.007)上学的男生收缩压水平较高;与步行上学方式的男生相比,乘坐公交车或地铁(β=1.90,P=0.016)以及出租车或私家车(β=2.51,P=0.011)上学的男生舒张压水平较高。结论步行上学方式对男生血压水平具有保护作用,而乘坐机动车辆上学方式对男生血压水平具有不利影响。
Objective To understand the relationship between the way of going to school and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children and adolescents and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of hypertension in children. Methods Based on the data of China Health and Nutrition Surveys from 2004 to 2011, a total of 4 651 school-aged children aged 6 to 17 were enrolled in this study. The data included complete sex, age, area of residence, physical exercise, schooling, height, weight and blood pressure . Stratified by sex, using multivariate linear regression model to adjust the age, region, BMI and physical exercise and other confounding factors, to explore the relationship between different schooling methods and blood pressure values. Results There were significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between children and adolescents of different sex, age, urban and rural areas, BMI group and different schooling methods (all P <0.01). Multivariate linear regression models showed that boys’ SBR levels in boys and girls (β = 2.85, P = 0.007) and taxis or private cars (β = 3.59, P = 0.007) Were higher in boys than those who walked to school, boys or girls who went to school by bus or subway (β = 1.90, P = 0.016) and taxis or private cars (β = 2.51, P = 0.011) Conclusion The way of walking to school has a protective effect on the blood pressure level of boys, while the way of going to school by motor vehicles has an adverse effect on the blood pressure level of boys.