我们把植物看为一个完整的活的有机体,这个概念也必须使中学生们建立起来。当学生们开始学习植物学的时候,他们已经具有某种(诚然是粗浅的)关于植物是一完整的有机体的概念。这个概念是由于他们在小学里的学习和生活的经验而形成起来的、它所依据的事实仅仅是植物的外部生活表现。譬如说:学生们知道,植物只有当它还是完整而没有受到损伤的时候,才能继续生活和发育下去;花、叶、茎脱离了植株就要枯萎,它们就会很快腐败、毁坏,不再成为原来构成完整植株的一部分时的东西。 We see plants as a living, living organism, and the concept must also set up middle school students. When students begin to learn about botany, they already have some kind (indeed superficial) notion that the plant is a complete organism. This concept is formed by their experience of learning and living in primary schools, and is based on the fact that the plant’s external life is merely an expression of it. For example, students know that plants can continue to live and develop only when they are intact and intact, and that leaves of flowers, leaves and stems will wither away from the plant and they will quickly spoil, destroy, no longer Become something that was originally part of the complete plant.