近年来,环境保护、生态保护已经逐渐成为政府文件和公共媒体耳熟能详的术语,中国共产党的十八届三中全会更是决定“用制度保护生态环境”(中国政府网,http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-11/15/content_2528179.htm),其中包括了“建立国家公园制度”的要求。一时间,各地方政府和主管部门纷纷掀起了建立国家公园的热潮,作为对中央决定的响应。而在保护界和学界,人们在庆祝生态保护第一次获得如此高度重视的同时,也提出了一系列疑问,其中最为集中的是:国家公园,在中国现有的 In recent years, environmental protection and ecological protection have gradually become the familiar term for government documents and the public media. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee decided that “the system should be used to protect the ecological environment” (Chinese government website, http: // www.gov.cn/jrzg/2013-11/15/content_2528179.htm), which includes the “establishment of a national park system” requirements. For a time, local governments and competent authorities set off a wave of national parks in succession as a response to the decision of the Central Government. In the field of protection and academia, while celebrating the first time that ecological protection has gained such great attention, a series of questions have also been raised. The most concentrated are the national parks, the existing ones in China