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东北是我国人参(Panax ginseng)主产区,多数栽参地方气候历年少雨偏旱,加之采用不透雨全荫棚栽培,因旱害减少,司空见惯。目前,我国人参生产中尚无一套合理的或科学的灌溉方法和制度,生产中多利用自然降水调控或在旱象严重时畦面沟灌。这种灌溉方法,是影响人参稳产、高产的原因。灌溉是使灌溉水通过埋于地下的管道,从土层下面沿毛细管上升浸润上层土壤。其优点是:能保持土壤团粒结构,地面不易板结,土壤通气状况较好,灌水方便,减少水分蒸发和渗漏,能节约水电,降低灌溉成本等。因此,根据人参栽培特点和需水要求,研究和发展地下灌溉技术具有重要现实意义。
Northeast China is the main producing area of Panax ginseng. Most local ginseng climatic conditions have experienced less rain and drought in successive years. In addition, cultivation in rainwater-proof shade sheds has resulted in less frequent drought damage. At present, there is not a set of reasonable or scientific irrigation methods and systems in the production of ginseng in our country, and the use of natural precipitation control in production or the ditch furrow irrigation in serious drought situations. This irrigation method is to affect the ginseng stable and high yield of reason. Irrigation is the irrigation of water through buried pipes, from below the soil along the capillary rise infiltration of the upper soil. Its advantages are: can keep the soil aggregate structure, the ground is not easy compaction, soil aeration is better, easy irrigation, reduce evaporation and leakage of water, can save water and electricity, reduce irrigation costs. Therefore, according to the characteristics of ginseng cultivation and water demand, research and development of underground irrigation technology has important practical significance.