】柯亨的《卡尔·马克思的历史理论： 一个辩护》一书开启了分析马克思主义的先河。作者运用分析哲学的语义分析法、语境分析法和逻辑分析法等方法对生产力首要性命题进行了说明。首先他认为生产力是指生产能力， 而非生产的力量， 因此劳动力是确切的生产能力， 劳动过程不是生产力， 劳动者、劳动资料、劳动对象都不能归入生产力。生产关系是一种所有权关系， 也未必有法律上的关系。其次他认为生产力首要性命题是指一种生产关系的性质是由生产力发展水平来说明的， 而且生产关系对生产力的适合也是单项的而非对称的。另外柯亨过分强调了人性稳定的一面 Cohen’s “Karl Marx’s Theory of History: A Defense” opened the door to the analysis of Marxism. The author uses the analytic philosophy of semantic analysis, context analysis and logical analysis and other methods to explain the primary proposition of productivity. First of all, he believes that productivity refers to productive capacity, not to the power of production. Therefore, labor force is the exact productive capacity. The labor process is not productivity, and the laborers, labor information and labor objects can not be classified as productive forces. Production relations are a matter of ownership and may not necessarily have legal relations. Second, he believes that the primary proposition of productivity means that the nature of a production relationship is illustrated by the level of development of the productive forces, and that the fit of the relations of production to productivity is individual and not symmetrical. In addition Cohen overemphasized the stability of human nature