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一、汇率的形成、变化及相关政策1.世界市场的形成和发展。商品经济在封建社会得到发展,但自给自足的自然经济占统治地位,国家与国家之间有经济往来,但远未形成世界市场。到了封建社会末期,生产力水平提高,商品生产得到较快发展,交换的品种和范围在扩大,各国间经济联系加强,出现了世界市场的萌芽。到19世纪中叶,资本主义大工业迅速发展,促进了国际分工,加强了各国间联系,世界市场最终形成。
First, the formation, changes in exchange rates and related policies 1. The formation and development of the world market. The commodity economy has developed in the feudal society, but the self-sufficient natural economy dominates, and there are economic exchanges between the state and the country, but far from forming a world market. At the end of the feudal society, the level of productivity increased, the production of goods grew rapidly, the variety and scope of exchanges expanded, the economic links between countries increased, and the seeds of the world market emerged. By the middle of the 19th century, the rapid development of capitalist big industries had promoted the international division of labor, strengthened the links between countries, and led to the formation of a world market.