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南大洋因具有较强的CO_2吸收能力,其海洋酸化问题较全球其他海域尤为突出。文石饱和度(Ω_(文石))作为衡量海洋酸化状况的指标之一,在评估海洋钙质生物的生存环境中发挥着重要的作用。然而,由于南大洋复杂的气候环境,在这一区域开展海洋酸化和Ω_(文石)的研究异常困难。因此,为了便于今后在南极周边海域开展海洋酸化的研究,了解南大洋海洋酸化的现状,对南极周边海域Ω_(文石)的研究进行了概述。南大洋表层海水Ω_(文石)具有明显的时空分布特征,主要体现为近岸海域Ω_(文石)值一般低于开阔大洋海域,且具有夏季高、冬季低的季节变化特征。在垂向分布上,海水Ω_(文石)值呈现由表层向深层递减的趋势。此外,由于受到深层水团的通风和涌升的影响,南大洋Ω_(文石)等值线深度随纬度升高而变浅。海水Ω_(文石)受海冰融化、海—气CO_2交换、浮游植物活动以及水文等诸多因素的共同控制。最后,对南大洋未来海洋酸化的变化趋势进行展望,提出亟需解决的科学问题。
Due to its strong CO 2 absorption capacity, the southern ocean is more prominent than other parts of the world in ocean acidification. Aragonite saturation (Ω_ (aragonite)), as one of the indicators of ocean acidification, plays an important role in assessing the living environment of marine calcareous organisms. However, due to the complex climate in the Southern Ocean, it is extremely difficult to carry out ocean acidification and study of arsenite (aragonite) in this area. Therefore, in order to facilitate the future research on ocean acidification in the waters around the Antarctic, and to understand the status of ocean acidification in the Southern Ocean, the research on Ω_ (aragonite) in the waters around the Antarctic is summarized. The Southwestern surface seawater Ω_ (aragonite) has obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, mainly reflected in that the value of Ω_ (aragonite) in coastal waters is generally lower than that in open ocean waters, and it has the characteristics of seasonal changes in summer and low in winter. In the vertical distribution, the value of Ω_ (aragonite) in seawater shows a decreasing trend from the surface layer to the deep layer. In addition, due to the aeration and ascending of deep water mass, the depth of Ω_ (aragonite) contours in the Southern Ocean becomes shallower as latitude increases. Sea water Ω_ (aragonite) is controlled by many factors such as sea ice melting, sea-air CO_2 exchange, phytoplankton activity and hydrology. Finally, the paper forecasts the future trend of ocean acidification in the Southern Ocean and puts forward the scientific problems that need to be solved urgently.