本文探讨晚近关于西班牙帝国和葡萄牙帝国的史学。考察不同语境、不同学术传统和不同时期几种解释模式以及“帝国”一词的使用。借此指出所取得的成就,以及仍然存在的空白,尤其是在文艺复兴人文主义的语境下。本文旨在促进学者就帝国论题进行对话,过去的十年业已揭示了这个论题对研究伊比利亚—美洲史和欧洲史的重要性。 This article examines the recent history of the Spanish Empire and the Portuguese Empire. Investigate the different contexts, different academic traditions and different interpretations of different periods as well as the use of the term “Empire”. In this way, we can point out what we have achieved and the gaps still remaining, especially in the context of Renaissance humanism. The purpose of this article is to promote scholars’ dialogue on the empire, which has revealed the importance of this topic for the study of Ibero-American history and European history.