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30年代,奥地利经济学家熊彼得曾提出一种“创新”理论,并用以解释企业发展的原因及其对社会经济发展的影响,熊彼得的理论主要从宏观方面展开。但个别企业的创新是整个“创新”活动的起始和原动力。据此,企业应是一个具有自我“创新”能力的社会经济细胞。在每一特定的经济时期,整个社会经济总是表现出某种相对平衡（如市场平衡、利润水平平衡等）,各个企业交替“创新”,不断打破旧的经济平衡,又形成新的平衡。这成为企业发展的形式之一,也成为社会经济发展的一个原因。作为一个特定的行业.港口企业的发展也应具有这一特征。 本文仅从微观角度,探讨港口企业“创新”的内外原因。
In the 1930s, Austrian economist Schumpeter put forward a theory of “innovation” and used it to explain the reasons for the development of the enterprise and its impact on the social and economic development. The theory of Schumpeter was mainly from a macro perspective. However, the innovation of individual enterprises is the starting and driving force of the whole “innovation” activity. Accordingly, the enterprise should be a socio-economic cell with self-innovation capability. In each specific economic period, the entire social economy always shows some relative balance (such as market balance and profit level balance). All enterprises alternately “innovate” and constantly break the old economic balance and form a new balance. This has become one of the forms of enterprise development and has also become one of the reasons for the socio-economic development. As a specific industry, the development of port enterprises should also have this feature. This article discusses the internal and external causes of “innovation” in port enterprises only from the microscopic point of view.