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机械互锁的轮烷型分子梭在分子机器化学领域具有重要的位置,可通过“积小为大”的方法在分子水平进行新材料的自组装。在外界的刺激下,大环分子可以在轴分子的不同识别位点间或态间往复穿梭,从而引起体系物理或化学性质的交替变化,这种变化又构成了一类基本的机械开关,可以用来执行特定的功能,在分子开关、信息储存和处理等领域具有潜在的应用前景,是超分子化学领域的研究热点。本文以[2]轮烷型分子梭的驱动力(外部刺激)为主线,分别从酸碱驱动、离子配位作用驱动和溶剂极性改变引起的疏水驱动等角度,综述了近年来化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭在合成和应用方面的最新研究进展,同时介绍了其他力(如热力学参数熵、互锁体系中修饰基团尺寸大小、外加化学氧化剂或还原剂、得失电子引起的电化学氧化还原以及紫外-可见光照射诱发的偶氮苯顺反光异构化等方式)驱动的轮烷型分子梭的进展,最后对化学驱动的[2]轮烷型分子梭的未来发展趋势进行了展望。
The mechanical interlocking rotaxane molecular shuttle plays an important role in the field of molecular machinery chemistry and can be used to self-assemble new materials at the molecular level. In the external stimuli, the macrocyclic shuttle can reciprocate between different recognition sites of the molecular axis or between states, which leads to the alternation of the physical or chemical properties of the system. This change constitutes a kind of basic mechanical switch that can be used To perform specific functions and has potential applications in the fields of molecular switches, information storage and processing. It is a hot research topic in the field of supramolecular chemistry. In this paper, the driving force (external stimulus) of [2] rotaxane molecular shuttle is the main line. From the aspects of acid-base drive, ionic coordination drive and hydrophobic drive caused by solvent polarity change, [2] Recent advances in the synthesis and application of rotaxane molecular shuttles, as well as the introduction of other forces (such as entropy of thermodynamic parameters, size of modified groups in the interlocking system, addition of chemical oxidants or reducing agents, gains and losses of electrons Electrochemical redox and ultraviolet-visible light irradiation azobenzene cis-transesterification isomerization) driven by the progress of the molecular rotaxan, and finally chemical-driven [2] rotaxane molecular shuttle future trends Looking forward.