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语用学理论中,H.P.Grice的会话含意理论能帮助人们理解和解释交流中很多有趣的语言现象。Grice认为,人们的交谈遵循着合作原则,有些情况下,人们表面上刻意违反合作原则,从而产生一定的会话含意,实际上深层次内仍然是遵守合作原则的。电影《一九四二》是一部战争剧情电影,根据刘震云小说《温故一九四二》改编。讲述了1942年中国抗日战争背景下的一场悲剧:1942年河南大旱,此时战争正处于僵持阶段,数百万民众忍受饥荒的痛苦,展开背井离乡逃荒的旅程。本文试图从语用学的角度出发,基于Grice的会话含意理论和合作原则,选用影片《一九四二》不同场景的对白,分析不同的场景下,影片角色说的话语违背了合作原则的哪些准则,产生了怎样的会话含意,表达了怎样的意图、人物性格和情感等。
In pragmatic theory, H.P. Grice’s theory of conversational meanings can help people understand and explain many interesting linguistic phenomena in communication. Grice believes that people’s conversations follow the principle of cooperation. In some cases, people deliberately violate the principle of cooperation on the surface, resulting in certain conversational implicatures. In fact, they still abide by the principle of cooperation at a deep level. The movie “1942” is a movie of the war drama based on Liu Zhenyun’s novel “Wenxu 1942”. Tells the story of a tragedy in the context of the Chinese anti-Japanese war in 1942: the drought in Henan in 1942, when the war was at a stalemate and millions of people endured the pain of famine and embarked on a journey of fleeing from famine. This article attempts to use pragmatic perspectives, based on Grice’s theory of conversational implicature and the principle of cooperation, to select the dialogue of different scenes in the movie “1942” and to analyze the different scenarios in which the discourse of the film characters violates the principles of cooperation Guidelines, what kind of conversational implication has arisen, what kind of intent has been expressed, the character’s personality and emotions.