随着国民经济的迅速发展,节约能源成为国计民生的当务之急。随着工业的发展,城市人口大规模地集中,工业用水和生活用水急增,水资源不足已成为能源不足的突出问题之一。如果从现在起考虑节水措施,就可以避免今后的危机。我国供水水源的利用情况,河流水约占60％,地下水约占30％,其他约占10％。水资源的多少与降雨量有密切关系,降雨量除去蒸发径流量外,即为可能利用的水量。但是,由于我国过去大量地毁坏森林,使植树造林的面积减少,由于植被覆盖面少,降雨流失量大。大量水直接径流入江河大海;有些地区地下水的过份开采,因补给不足使水位下 With the rapid development of the national economy, energy conservation has become a top priority for the national economy and people’s livelihood. With the development of industry, the urban population has been concentrated on a large scale, and the water for industrial use and domestic use has increased rapidly. The shortage of water resources has become one of the outstanding problems of energy shortage. If we consider water saving measures from now on, we can avoid future crises. The use of water sources in China is about 60% of river water, about 30% of groundwater, and about 10% of other water sources. The amount of water resources is closely related to the amount of rainfall. The amount of water that may be used is the amount of rainfall except for the evaporative runoff. However, due to the massive destruction of forests in China in the past, the area for afforestation was reduced, and there was a large loss of rainfall due to the small vegetation cover. A large amount of water flows directly into rivers and seas; in some areas, groundwater is over-exploited and the water level is lowered due to insufficient supplies.