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已经证明急性病毒性乙型肝炎(AVHB)发展为慢性病毒乙型肝炎占病例中的5～10%,然而最近对成年人的研究表明,患AVHB之后发展为慢性感染的仅占患者中的1～3%。为了评价儿童的AVHB之后发展为慢性感染的比率,作者随访了154名入院时分类为AVHB的15岁以下的儿童,他们入院时全都是乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性和/或乙型肝炎表面抗体(抗—HBS)IgM阳性,随访4～24个月。根据临床、生物化学和血清学特征诊断为急性病毒肝炎。酶免疫测定法(EIA)鉴定HBsAg、抗乙型肝炎病毒(抗—HBV)抗体、抗—甲型肝炎病毒(抗一HAV)抗—丁型肝炎病毒(抗—HDV)抗体。用上述方法诊断129名儿童患有AVHB、25名慢性乙型肝炎病毒性(HBV)感染。所有儿童均出现病毒性肝炎症状。115名患AVHB儿童为自限性疾病,随访时痊愈。其中104名最初为HBsAg阳性但HBSAg随即消失:86名产生HBS抗体。11名为
Acute viral hepatitis B (AVHB) has been shown to develop between 5 and 10% of the cases of chronic hepatitis B. However, recent studies in adults have shown that only 1 of the patients developing AVHB after chronic infection ~ 3%. To assess the rate of developing chronic infection after AVHB in children, the authors followed 154 children under 15 years of age classified as AVHB on admission who were all hospitalized with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive and / or hepatitis B Surface antibody (anti-HBS) IgM positive, followed up for 4 to 24 months. Acute viral hepatitis was diagnosed based on clinical, biochemical and serological characteristics. Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) identified HBsAg, anti-Hepatitis B virus (anti-HBV) antibodies, anti-Hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV) anti-hepatitis D virus (anti-HDV) antibodies. 129 children were diagnosed with AVHB and 25 with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection by the above method. All children have viral hepatitis symptoms. 115 children with AVHB were self-limiting and were cured at follow-up. Of these, 104 were initially HBsAg positive but HBSAg disappeared immediately: 86 had HBS antibodies. 11 are