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目的探讨中药咳喘落拮抗支气管哮喘气道变应性炎症作用的分子机理。方法采用逆转录－多聚酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）法半定量地分析了哮喘大鼠肺组织 ＩＬ－４ ｍＲＮＡ和 ＩＬ－５ ｍＲＮＡ表达水平的变化及二者的相关性。结果哮喘时大鼠肺组织中 ＩＬ－４ ｍＲＮＡ与 ＩＬ－５ ｍＲＮＡ表达均增强，其相对表达量分别为 ０．４４２±０．０５２和０．６００±０．２２０，显著高于空白对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），经大剂量咳喘落治疗后，其表达同时显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），治疗前后ＩＬ－４ｍＲＮＡ和ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达水平分别呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７７２，０．８６８，Ｐ＜０．０１）。但小剂量咳喘落只对ＩＬ－４ｍＲＮＡ有下调作用（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论咳喘落能够同时降低哮喘大鼠肺组织中ＩＬ－４和ＩＬ－５基因转录，减少其生物合成，进而抑制嗜酸性粒细胞的聚集、活化，发挥其抗气道炎症的作用。
Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Chinese traditional medicine Kechuanchuan against bronchial asthma allergic inflammation. Methods The expression of IL-4 mRNA and IL-5 mRNA in the lungs of asthmatic rats were analyzed semiquantitatively by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and their correlations were analyzed. Results The expression of IL-4 mRNA and IL-5 mRNA in the lung tissue of asthma rats increased with the relative expression levels of 0.442±0.052 and 0.600±0.220, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of the blank control group ( P<0.01), after large doses of cough and asthma, its expression was also significantly reduced (P<0.01), and IL-4 mRNA and IL-5 mRNA expression levels were significantly positively correlated before and after treatment (r=0. 772,0.868, P<0.01). However, the low dose of cough and asthma decreased only IL-4 mRNA (P<0.05). Conclusion Kechuanchuan drop can reduce the transcription of IL-4 and IL-5 gene in lung tissue of asthmatic rats, reduce their biosynthesis, inhibit the aggregation and activation of eosinophils, and exert their anti-airway inflammation.