论文部分内容阅读
一、语法倒装
1．so, neither, nor 位于句首，表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时，句子要部分倒装;如果是对对方所述情况表示肯定或否定则不倒装。
例1 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.(05全国Ⅲ)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
分析：本题考查倒装句的基本用法。根据句意，后半句也表示否定意义，nor 提前句子倒装。这里nor does John 相当于John doesn’t either。所以正确答案为D。
例2 ——You forgot your purse when you went out. (02 上海)
——Good heavens, ____.
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
分析：有时so放在前面时，只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定，这时句子不用倒装。所提供的情景Good heavens 说明自己确实在出门时忘了带钱包，所以正确答案为B。
2．as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语或状语置于句首。
例1 ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
(05 重庆31)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may be
D. Quiet as he may be a student
分析:本题考查由as引导的倒装句，通常将表语或状语提前，若表语是名词时，省略冠词。所以正确答案为B。
例2 Difficult as the homework was, it was finished in time.
作业尽管难，还是及时完成了。
例3 Try as he would, he might fail again.
尽管他尝试，可能会再一次失败。
3．在if 非真实条件句中，如果从句中有should, were或助动词had时，可省去if，将这些词提到句首。
例1 Were you in my position, you would do the same.
如果你处在我的位置，你也会这样做。
例2 Had he been given more time, he would have done it much
better. 如果给更多时间，他会做得更好。
例3 Should Professor Smith come here tomorrow, we would discuss
this matter with him again.
如果史密斯教授明天来，我们会再次和他谈这事。
4．在“here (there, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，谓语动词为be, stand, lie, come, go, fall等的一般现在时或一般过去时，句子为全部倒装。
例1 Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。
例2 Then followed three days of heavy rain. 紧接着了三天大雨。
注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。
例3 Here it is. 在这儿。
二、修辞倒装
1．以表方位的副词out, in, up, down, away， off 等开头的句子里，句子要全部倒装。目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩们冲了出来。
Away went his hat. 他的帽子掉了。
注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如：
In he comes. 他进来了。
2.含有否定含义的词（词组） hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not until, no sooner, in no way, at no time, by no means等位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
例1 Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (05 上海39)
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
分析:在此题中否定词never 提前，句子要部分倒装，根据句意需用完成时。所以正确答案为A。
例2 They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German.(05天津4)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
分析：在此题中否定词little提前，句子用部分倒装，根据前面时态的运用，后面的句子要用一般现在时，所以正确答案为D。
3.并列连接词not only…but also, neither…nor等连接句子时，如果not only, neither在句首句子要用部分倒装。
例1 ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for
entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（04上海41）
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
分析:在此题中not only在句首,句子用部分倒装,即把助动词提到主语前。所以正确答案为B。但需注意：若not only…but also 连接两个句子时，只倒装前一句，而neither…nor连接两个句子时，都采用倒装形式。
例2 Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既未回家他的父母又没来找他。
例3 Neither at this meeting nor at the previous did they discuss the proposal. 在这次和上次会议上，他们都没讨论这个提议。
4.so, such位于句首，后带表语或状语时，其后所接的主句要部分倒装。
例1 ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(05 江苏35)
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
分析:考查so+adj./adv.…that句型，把so放在句首时，要把情态动词或系动词等提到主语的前面。the couple作主语时谓语动词用复数。所以正确答案为B。
例2 So shallow was the lake that there is no fish in it.
湖那么浅，以至于里面没有鱼。
5.带有only的状语放在句首表强调时，句子部分倒装。
例1 Only after my friend came, ____.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer repaired
分析:当only在句首修饰状语时，后面要倒装。又因为repair和the computer之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用被动语态，所以正确答案为C。
例2 Only in this way can you master English.
只有这样你才能掌握英语。
6．表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
例1 Present at the meeting were Mr. Wang, Miss Liu and many
other guests. 王先生、刘小姐和很多其他客人出席了会议。
例2 Gone are the days when we had no enough food to support the family. 我们没有足够的食物养家糊口的日子一去不复返了。
7.may等表示祝愿，置于句首，引起部分倒装。
例1 Long live peace!和平万岁！
例2 May you succeed！祝你成功！
8．表地点的介词短语在句中作状语时，为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，句子全部倒装。
例1 In the dark forest ____, some large enough to hold several
English towns.(05 辽宁35)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
分析:in the dark forest作状语提前时，句子全部倒装。表示“坐落，位于”， 用lie更确切，所以正确答案为B。
例2 From the valley came a frightening sound.
山谷传来了吓人的声音。
Below the mountain ran a little stream. 山下有条小溪。
例3 They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat an old
woman. 他们到了一个小屋，一位老太太坐在屋前面。
9．连词as, than引导的状语从句，为保持句子平衡，常用全部倒装，也可用部分倒装。
例 He traveled a great deal as did most of his friend.
他去过很多地方旅游，他的大多数朋友也是如此。
三、复合宾语倒装
复合宾语的正常语序为“宾语+宾语补足语”，但有时因宾语太长，为保持平衡，将宾语补足语提到宾语前。
例1 Many people consider impossible what is possible.
许多人把本来可能做到的事认为不可能做到。
例2 He made good his promise by buying his son a toy-bus.
他实现了自己的诺言，给儿子买了辆玩具汽车。
例3 Let come what may. 要发生什么就发生什么吧。
1．so, neither, nor 位于句首，表示主语与前面句子的主语情况相同时，句子要部分倒装;如果是对对方所述情况表示肯定或否定则不倒装。
例1 Mary never does any reading in the evening, ____.(05全国Ⅲ)
A. so does John B. John does too
C. John doesn’t too D. nor does John
分析：本题考查倒装句的基本用法。根据句意，后半句也表示否定意义，nor 提前句子倒装。这里nor does John 相当于John doesn’t either。所以正确答案为D。
例2 ——You forgot your purse when you went out. (02 上海)
——Good heavens, ____.
A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did
分析：有时so放在前面时，只是对对方所陈述的内容表示肯定，这时句子不用倒装。所提供的情景Good heavens 说明自己确实在出门时忘了带钱包，所以正确答案为B。
2．as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语或状语置于句首。
例1 ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
(05 重庆31)
A. A quiet student as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may be
D. Quiet as he may be a student
分析:本题考查由as引导的倒装句，通常将表语或状语提前，若表语是名词时，省略冠词。所以正确答案为B。
例2 Difficult as the homework was, it was finished in time.
作业尽管难，还是及时完成了。
例3 Try as he would, he might fail again.
尽管他尝试，可能会再一次失败。
3．在if 非真实条件句中，如果从句中有should, were或助动词had时，可省去if，将这些词提到句首。
例1 Were you in my position, you would do the same.
如果你处在我的位置，你也会这样做。
例2 Had he been given more time, he would have done it much
better. 如果给更多时间，他会做得更好。
例3 Should Professor Smith come here tomorrow, we would discuss
this matter with him again.
如果史密斯教授明天来，我们会再次和他谈这事。
4．在“here (there, now, then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，谓语动词为be, stand, lie, come, go, fall等的一般现在时或一般过去时，句子为全部倒装。
例1 Now comes your turn. 轮到你了。
例2 Then followed three days of heavy rain. 紧接着了三天大雨。
注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。
例3 Here it is. 在这儿。
二、修辞倒装
1．以表方位的副词out, in, up, down, away， off 等开头的句子里，句子要全部倒装。目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。
Out rushed the boys. 男孩们冲了出来。
Away went his hat. 他的帽子掉了。
注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。如：
In he comes. 他进来了。
2.含有否定含义的词（词组） hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, neither, nor, not until, no sooner, in no way, at no time, by no means等位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
例1 Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. (05 上海39)
A. has this city been B. this city has been
C. was this city D. this city was
分析:在此题中否定词never 提前，句子要部分倒装，根据句意需用完成时。所以正确答案为A。
例2 They have a good knowledge of English but little ____ they know about German.(05天津4)
A. have B. did C. had D. do
分析：在此题中否定词little提前，句子用部分倒装，根据前面时态的运用，后面的句子要用一般现在时，所以正确答案为D。
3.并列连接词not only…but also, neither…nor等连接句子时，如果not only, neither在句首句子要用部分倒装。
例1 ____ snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for
entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（04上海41）
A. Not only they brought B. Not only did they bring
C. Not only brought they D. Not only they did bring
分析:在此题中not only在句首,句子用部分倒装,即把助动词提到主语前。所以正确答案为B。但需注意：若not only…but also 连接两个句子时，只倒装前一句，而neither…nor连接两个句子时，都采用倒装形式。
例2 Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him. 这调皮的男孩既未回家他的父母又没来找他。
例3 Neither at this meeting nor at the previous did they discuss the proposal. 在这次和上次会议上，他们都没讨论这个提议。
4.so, such位于句首，后带表语或状语时，其后所接的主句要部分倒装。
例1 ____ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.(05 江苏35)
A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the couple
C. How curious the couple were D. The couple was such curious
分析:考查so+adj./adv.…that句型，把so放在句首时，要把情态动词或系动词等提到主语的前面。the couple作主语时谓语动词用复数。所以正确答案为B。
例2 So shallow was the lake that there is no fish in it.
湖那么浅，以至于里面没有鱼。
5.带有only的状语放在句首表强调时，句子部分倒装。
例1 Only after my friend came, ____.
A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computer
C. was the computer repaired D. the computer repaired
分析:当only在句首修饰状语时，后面要倒装。又因为repair和the computer之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应该用被动语态，所以正确答案为C。
例2 Only in this way can you master English.
只有这样你才能掌握英语。
6．表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。
例1 Present at the meeting were Mr. Wang, Miss Liu and many
other guests. 王先生、刘小姐和很多其他客人出席了会议。
例2 Gone are the days when we had no enough food to support the family. 我们没有足够的食物养家糊口的日子一去不复返了。
7.may等表示祝愿，置于句首，引起部分倒装。
例1 Long live peace!和平万岁！
例2 May you succeed！祝你成功！
8．表地点的介词短语在句中作状语时，为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调状语，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，句子全部倒装。
例1 In the dark forest ____, some large enough to hold several
English towns.(05 辽宁35)
A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes
C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand
分析:in the dark forest作状语提前时，句子全部倒装。表示“坐落，位于”， 用lie更确切，所以正确答案为B。
例2 From the valley came a frightening sound.
山谷传来了吓人的声音。
Below the mountain ran a little stream. 山下有条小溪。
例3 They arrived at a small house, in front of which sat an old
woman. 他们到了一个小屋，一位老太太坐在屋前面。
9．连词as, than引导的状语从句，为保持句子平衡，常用全部倒装，也可用部分倒装。
例 He traveled a great deal as did most of his friend.
他去过很多地方旅游，他的大多数朋友也是如此。
三、复合宾语倒装
复合宾语的正常语序为“宾语+宾语补足语”，但有时因宾语太长，为保持平衡，将宾语补足语提到宾语前。
例1 Many people consider impossible what is possible.
许多人把本来可能做到的事认为不可能做到。
例2 He made good his promise by buying his son a toy-bus.
他实现了自己的诺言，给儿子买了辆玩具汽车。
例3 Let come what may. 要发生什么就发生什么吧。