七年战争的前后,在欧洲专制政体的发展过程中,出现了一个令人瞩目的政治现象,这就是所谓的“开明专制”,普鲁士、奥地利和沙俄等国先后都实行了“开明专制”。在一些西方学者看来,它只不过是这些国家的君主“为加快发展步伐而采取的措施”而许多苏 Before and after the seven-year war, there was a remarkable political phenomenon in the development of the autocracy in Europe. This is the so-called “enlightened autarchy.” Countries such as Prussia, Austria and Czarist Russia have successively implemented “enlightened autocracy.” To some Western scholars it is nothing more than the monarchs in these countries “steps taken to speed up the pace of development” and many Soviet