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能源短缺问题,已成为当代举世瞩目的问题。在1979年联合国召开的维也纳科学技术促进发展会议上,能源被列为人类面临的四大问题(能源、粮食、人口、环境)之一。世界能源形势究竟怎么样?怎样解决能源短缺问题?建筑业在整个节能中占有何等地位、采取何种措施、能做出多大贡献?这是下面要介绍的主要内容。一、举世瞩目的世界能源形势二十世纪以来,世界能源消耗的增长,远远超过了人口增长的速度。1900至1975年,全世界人口由15.71亿增加到40.45亿,增长1.5倍,而同一时期能源消耗由7.75亿吨增加到85.7亿吨标准燃料,增加10倍。由此可见,本世纪能源的消耗十分惊人,已造成世界能源的逐渐枯竭,以及各国能源供应的短缺状况。据1978年在土耳其召开的世界能源会议报导:世界化石燃料的经济可采储量约为7300亿吨(折合标
The issue of energy shortage has become an issue of contemporary concern to the world. At the 1979 United Nations Conference on the Promotion of Science and Technology in Vienna, energy was listed as one of the four major issues facing humanity (energy, food, population, and the environment). What is the world energy situation? How to solve the energy shortage problem? What is the status of the construction industry in terms of energy conservation, what measures are taken, and how much contribution can it make? This is the main content to be introduced below. I. The world energy situation attracting worldwide attention Since the twentieth century, the growth of world energy consumption has far exceeded the speed of population growth. From 1900 to 1975, the world’s population increased from 1.571 billion to 4.045 billion, an increase of 1.5 times. During the same period, energy consumption increased from 775 million tons to 8.57 billion tons of standard fuel, a 10-fold increase. It can be seen that the energy consumption in this century is very alarming, which has caused the gradual depletion of world energy and the shortage of energy supplies in various countries. According to the World Energy Conference held in Turkey in 1978, the world’s economically recoverable reserves of fossil fuels is approximately 730 billion tons (equivalent to