慢性疼痛是最常见、最辣手的医学问题之一,不仅给患者精神上和肉体上带来持久的痛苦,而且常常导致止痛镇静或麻醉剂的滥用。据估计有19%的慢性疼痛患者存在严重的药物滥用。因长期大量使用止痛剂,以肾乳头坏死为特征的肾病的发生屡见不鲜.然而,最令人不安的是慢性疼痛可引起职业功能受损甚或残废的社会后果。仅以腰背痛计,在美国每年有 Chronic pain is one of the most common and hottest medical problems. It not only causes long-lasting mental and physical pain, but often leads to sedation and narcotics abuse. It is estimated that 19% of patients with chronic pain have serious drug abuse. It is not uncommon for kidney disease characterized by renal papillary necrosis to occur due to long-term heavy use of analgesics, but the most disturbing is the social consequence that chronic pain can cause impaired or disabling occupational function. Only low back pain count, in the United States each year