This paper reviews the mechanisms, types, compositions, affecting factors, prevention and remediable treatments of wood discoloration, and especially puts forward the biological control against wood stain and wood induced coloration. The authors think the followings are important: 1) Developing the low poisonous ornon-toxic, high-efficient and multi-functional anti-stain chemicalsis still an important research direction to control wood discoloration. 2) It is still very necessary to remove wood stain and restore wood original color and commercial value. 3) The biological control has little environmental pollution and its cost is low. Researches on its theories and application should be strengthened. 4) Wood color can be induced and turned to be the needed through heat treatment or ultraviolet irradiation without coloring materials, i.e. induced coloration, is agood idea to modulatewood, bamboo or rattan cane color. It is becoming a new study field. This paper reviews the mechanisms, types, compositions, affecting factors, prevention and remediable treatments of wood discoloration, and especially puts forward the biological control against wood stain and wood induced coloration. The authors think the followings are important: 1) Developing the low poisonous ornon-toxic, high-efficient and multi-functional anti-stain chemicalsis still an important research direction to control wood discoloration. 2) It is still very necessary to remove wood stain and restore wood original color and commercial value. 3) The biological control has little environmental pollution and its cost is low. Researches on its theories and applications should be strengthened. 4) Wood color can be induced and turned to be the needed through heat treatment or ultraviolet irradiation without coloring materials, ie induced coloration, is agood idea to modulatewood, bamboo or rattan cane color. It is becoming a new study field.