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基于多沙粗沙区皇甫川、孤山川、窟野河、秃尾河和无定河流域(5个流域)中各水文站1956~2012年逐月降雨、径流和输沙实测资料,对比了5个流域水沙情势,并定量分析了降水和人类活动对水沙变化的贡献率。结果表明,1956~2012年径流量、输沙量减少趋势明显,输沙量主要集中在汛期,占全年的96%,2000年以后,输沙量急剧减少;截止2010年,该地区实测水库总库容67 899.5×104 m3,仅为原库容的62.8%,同时该地区建有淤地坝9 114座,是水沙量减少的另一重要因素;在黄土高原北部区域,水库、淤地坝、灌区引水和煤矿开采等人类活动对径流量和输沙量的减少作用明显,也是水沙减少的关键因素。
Based on the monthly rainfall, runoff and sediment transport data of hydrological stations in Huangfuchuan, Gushanchuan, Kuyehe, Tuweihe and Wudinghe Watersheds (5 basins) A basin of water and sediment situation, and quantitative analysis of precipitation and human activities on water and sediment changes in the contribution rate. The results show that the runoff and sediment discharge decreased obviously from 1956 to 2012. The sediment discharge mainly concentrated in the flood season, accounting for 96% of the whole year. After 2000, the sediment discharge dropped drastically. As of 2010, the measured reservoir The total storage capacity is 67,899.5 × 104 m3, accounting for 62.8% of the original storage capacity. In addition, there are 9 114 silt dam areas in the area, which is another important factor for the reduction of water and sediment volume. In the northern area of the Loess Plateau, reservoirs, , Human activities such as water diversion and coal mining in irrigation areas have a significant role in reducing runoff and sediment discharge and are also the key factors for reducing water and sediment.