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目的在调查郊区居民对死亡态度情况的基础上,分析影响死亡观念的影响因素,为临终关怀在郊区社区卫生服务中心推行提供依据,同时也为推进生前预嘱这一理念奠定基础。方法用自行设计的问卷,随机抽取上海市青浦区户籍居民1 000名于2014年10月—2015年3月进行问卷调查。用卡方检验和频数分析研究影响死亡概念的因素。结果 67.1%的人更愿意谈论临终问题,同时也有70.8%的人想象过自己的临终问题;13.3%的高龄老人不愿想象自己的临终问题,而62.5%的年轻人更愿意想象自己的临终问题。受教育程度越高对于死亡态度更开明,247名大学生中有166名表示会思考自己的临终。相较于已婚人士,73.1%的未婚人士更多的考虑临终问题。87.5%的医护人员、85.7%的教师和84.6%的政府机构人员更敢于面对临终这个话题。农民、工人、失业人士不愿意讨论临终这个话题;尊重个人选择并有尊严的死亡是居民对于“好死”和“善终”最主要的理解。结论在研究对死亡态度的基础上,分析出年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、职业类型等不同人口学特征居民对死亡观念认知有差异。
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of death attitudes on the basis of surveys of suburban residents’ attitudes towards death and to provide evidences for the implementation of the hospice in suburban community health centers and to lay the foundation for the concept of living wills. Methods A questionnaire was designed and randomly selected from 1,000 live-in residents in Qingpu District, Shanghai from October 2014 to March 2015. Using chi-square test and frequency analysis to study the factors affecting the concept of death. Results 67.1% of people prefer to talk about the dying issue, while 70.8% think about their own end-of-life problem; 13.3% of the elderly do not want to imagine their own end-of-life problem; 62.5% of young people are more willing to imagine their own dying issue . The more educated are more open about death, 166 of the 247 undergraduates said they would think about their own deathbed. Compared with married people, 73.1% of unmarried people think about the dying issue more. 87.5% of medical staff, 85.7% of teachers and 84.6% of government agencies even more dared to face the topic of dying. Peasants, workers and the unemployed are not willing to discuss the topic of dying; the death-penalty that respects individual choice and dignity is the most important comprehension of residents for “good death” and “good end”. Conclusion Based on the study of death attitudes, we analyzed the differences in the perceptions of death among residents with different demographic characteristics such as age, education level, marital status and occupation type.