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[目的]探讨硬质合金生产粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响,为制定硬质合金生产作业工人职业健康监护技术规范提供科学依据。[方法]对湖南省3家硬质合金生产企业272名碳化钨、碳化钴粉尘接触工人(接尘组)及同企业非粉尘作业工人168名工人(对照组)进行个人问卷调查、肺功能测定及职业卫生现场调查。[结果]3家企业碳化钨、碳化钴粉尘8 h时间加权平均浓度超标率为6.3%(8/127)。接尘组咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气急及呼吸困难报告率分别为13.24%、12.50%、12.50%、9.19%及8.82%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。接尘组用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气流速峰值(PEF)、用力呼气25%时的瞬间流速(FEF25)四项指标的实测值/预计值百分比分别为(98.69±11.72)%、(93.39±12.22)%、(92.59±17.19)%、(90.22±21.98)%,明显低于对照组[分别为(105.35±11.59)%、(99.15±11.28)%、(99.49±17.83)%和(96.45±19.24)%],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);粉尘浓度超标岗位与非超标岗位工人肺功能测定指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]硬质合金生产粉尘对作业工人呼吸系统损伤明显,作业工人肺通气功能及部分小气道通气功能下降。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the influence of cemented carbide dust on lung function of working workers, and provide scientific basis for setting technical norms of occupational health monitoring for cemented carbide production workers. [Methods] A total of 272 workers (control group) with 272 tungsten carbide, cobalt carbide dust exposure workers (dust control group) and non-dust workers at three tungsten carbide production enterprises in Hunan Province were surveyed by personal questionnaire. Pulmonary function tests And occupational health field survey. [Result] The time-weighted average concentration exceeded standard rate of 6.3% (8/127) in 8 enterprises for tungsten carbide and cobalt carbide dust. The reported rates of cough, expectoration, chest tightness, shortness of breath and dyspnea were 13.24%, 12.50%, 12.50%, 9.19% and 8.82% respectively in the dust collection group, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05). FVC, FEV1, PEF, and FEF25 at the time of forced expiration of 25% of the four indicators were measured / predicted percentage Were (98.69 ± 11.72)%, (93.39 ± 12.22)%, (92.59 ± 17.19)% and (90.22 ± 21.98)%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the control group [105.35 ± 11.59%] and (99.15 ± 11.28) %, (99.49 ± 17.83)% and (96.45 ± 19.24)%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the lung function parameters between the workers with excessive dust concentration and those with non- ). [Conclusion] Dust produced by cemented carbide has obvious respiratory injury to working workers, lung ventilation function of workers and some small airway ventilation functions.