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目的：探讨全层黄斑裂孔与板层黄斑裂孔以及囊样黄斑变性的诊断和鉴别诊断方法。方法：用Ａｍｓｌｅｒ方格表、Ｗａｔｚｋｅ征检查和激光瞄准光检查对３０例全层黄斑裂孔、１２例板层黄斑裂孔和８例囊样黄斑变性患者进行检查，其结果用四格表确切概率法进行统计分析。结果：Ａｍｓｌｅｒ方格表检查、Ｗａｔｚｋｅ征检查及５０μｍ激光瞄准光试验在全层黄斑裂孔组中阳性率均为１００％；板层黄斑裂孔和囊样黄斑变性组中分别为８５％、６５％及０。结论：对全层黄斑裂孔的诊断，Ａｍｓｌｅｒ表检查具有敏感性，但不具特异性；Ｗａｔｚｋｅ征敏感而且较特异；激光瞄准光检查非常敏感而且特异。这些检查有助于对全层黄斑裂孔的准确诊断。
Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of full-thickness macular hole with macular hole and cystoid macular degeneration. Methods: 30 cases of full-thickness macular hole, 12 cases of macular hole and 8 cases of cystoid macular degeneration were examined with Amsler grid chart, Watzke sign and laser aiming light test. The results were shown in the exact table conduct statistical analysis. Results: The positive rates of Amsler grid test, Watzke test and 50 μm laser aiming test were all 100% in the full-thickness macular hole group; 85% and 65% in the lamellar macular hole and cystoid macular degeneration group respectively 0. CONCLUSIONS: The Amsler test is sensitive but not specific for diagnosing full-thickness macular holes; Watzke sign is sensitive and specific; laser aiming examinations are very sensitive and specific. These examinations help to accurately diagnose full-thickness macular holes.