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目的 :探讨不同年龄段女性教师婚姻质量及影响因素 ,为促进其生殖健康提供依据。方法 :分层随机抽取昆明四所高校 80 4名已婚女教师 ,作婚姻质量 (olson)、康奈医学指数 (CMI)、抑郁 (CES -D)、焦虑 (SAS)和主观幸福感的调查。结果 :高校已婚女教师夫妻交流 (3 4 87± 5 13 )、婚姻过分理想化(4 4 0 9± 5 87)、角色平等 (3 1 3 3± 5 5 6)得分高于其它人群 (3 4 10± 6 94、 3 9 2 6± 6 3 2、 2 8 0 6± 5 80 ,P <0 0 1) ,而婚姻满意度、性格相容性、解决冲突的方式、与亲友的关系与经济安排分量表的得分低于其它妇女。其婚姻满意度和性格相容因子分具有随年龄上升的特点 ,尽管≥ 5 0岁年龄组性生活质量 (3 5 2 4± 5 0 0 )及健康状况 (CMI≥ 3 0者为 5 9 1% )较差 ,但其余婚姻质量、主观幸福感和精神卫生水平均显著优于≤ 3 9岁中青年妇女。其中以 3 1～ 49岁年龄组的婚姻质量得分最低 ,并与其SAS、CES -D、M -R高得分呈负相关。结论 :高校女教师婚姻质量与特定文化背景、生活期望、不同生理年龄所承受的应激及心理卫生水平、主观幸福感密切相关。中年知识女性是家庭婚姻及心理卫生服务的重点干预对象。
Objective: To explore the marriage quality and influencing factors of female teachers of different ages and to provide basis for promoting their reproductive health. Methods: A total of 804 married female teachers from four universities in Kunming were stratified randomly to investigate the quality of marriage (olson), CMI, depression (CES-D), anxiety (SAS) and subjective well-being . Results: The number of married female teachers in college was significantly higher than that of other groups (3 477 ± 5 13), ideal marriage (4 4 0 9 ± 5 87) and role equality (3 1 3 3 ± 5 5 6) 3 4 10 ± 6 94, 3 9 2 6 ± 6 3 2, 2 806 ± 5 80, P 0 01), while marital satisfaction, personality compatibility, the way to resolve the conflict, the relationship with relatives and friends Scores with the Economic Arrangement score lower than other women. The factors of marital satisfaction and personality compatibility increased with age, although the quality of life (3 5 2 4 ± 5 0 0) and the health status (5 9 1 %), But the remaining quality of marriage, subjective well-being and mental health were significantly better than those of young women ≤39 years old. Among them, the marital quality score of the age group 31-49 was the lowest, and was negatively correlated with its SAS, CES-D and M-R high scores. Conclusion: The quality of marriage of female teachers in colleges and universities is closely related to the specific cultural background, life expectancy, stress and mental health level under different physiological ages, and subjective well-being. Middle-aged women are the main targets of family marriage and mental health services.