众所周知,机械另件表面的残余应力,对其强度(尤其是疲劳强度)和寿命有很大影响。而X射线应力分析是目前金属材料及另件表面残余应力分析的唯一无损方法。然而现在X射线应力测定的理论基础是建立在理想平面样品上的,而实际所接触到的样品,如汽车齿轮、半轴、曲轴等,其表面多为曲面。一般情况下,只要曲面的曲率半径足够大,X射线的照射面积相对的足够小,则可近似的将样品当成平面,这对测定结果不会有大的影响。但当样品的表面曲率半径比较小时(如曲轴的元角),样品表面几何形状的影响就不可忽视了。针对这种情况,本文主要讨论一下曲面X射线应力测定及应力值的计算的问题。 It is well known that the residual stresses on the surface of mechanical parts have a great influence on their strength (especially the fatigue strength) and their service life. X-ray stress analysis is the only non-destructive method for the analysis of residual stress on the surface of metal materials and other components. However, the theoretical basis of X-ray stress measurement is now based on ideal planar samples. However, the actual contact samples, such as automotive gears, semi-shafts and crankshafts, are mostly curved surfaces. In general, as long as the radius of curvature of the surface is large enough and the X-ray irradiation area is relatively small enough, the sample can be approximated as a plane, which has no significant effect on the measurement result. However, when the sample surface radius of curvature is relatively small (such as the crankshaft angle), the sample surface geometry can not be ignored. In view of this situation, this article mainly discusses the surface X-ray stress measurement and stress calculation.