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体中存在一种孕激素受体基因,该基因可产生至少两种不同的雌激素依赖的孕激素受体异构体(PRA和PRB)。本文也将涉及其他孕激素受体异构体。PRA在受体的N末端比PRB少了164个氨基酸。PRB似乎对于女性生殖道孕激素依赖的生理反应是必不可少的。PRA对于卵巢和子宫正常行使功能不可或缺,但在乳腺却不然。PRB对于子宫维持静息状态是必需的。第三种受体异构体称为PRC也已被克隆,可调节PRA和PRB的转录活动,但对于这一点还有争议。孕激素是妊娠期主要激素,其作用与孕激素受体密切相关。对于植入过程中滋养层细胞侵润以及包括动脉壁松弛在内的螺旋动脉系统的建立是必需的。妊娠的正常进展需要建立针对半同种异源基因胎儿的免疫平衡,并与孕激素通过孕激素受体发挥多方面的作用相关,如细胞因子、自然杀伤细胞活性和抗体生成。母体产生的一种称为孕激素诱导阻断因子(PIBF)的特殊蛋白,是母体对胎儿产生免疫耐受的主要原因。循环中的孕激素水平与妊娠结局密切相关。自然流产与反复流产患者不仅孕激素水平低下,其孕激素胞浆受体及核受体水平也降低。有研究指出孕激素受体基因可能存在某种多态性,可能影响妊娠的发展和结局。然而,这种说法未能被其他研究证实。统言之,孕激素的产生、分泌及孕激素受体决定了一次正常妊娠的发展。
There is a progestin receptor gene in the body that produces at least two different estrogen-dependent progestogen receptor isoforms (PRA and PRB). This article will also deal with other progestin receptor isoforms. The PRA is 164 amino acids less than the PRB at the N-terminus of the receptor. PRB appears to be essential for progestin-dependent physiological responses in the female genital tract. PRA is essential for the proper functioning of the ovary and uterus, but not in the breast. PRB is necessary for maintaining the resting state of the uterus. The third receptor isoform, called PRC, has also been cloned to regulate the transcriptional activity of PRA and PRB, but it is still debatable. Progesterone is the major hormone during pregnancy, its role and progesterone receptors are closely related. The establishment of a spiral arterial system is essential for trophoblastic invasion and implants, including arterial wall relaxation, during implantation. Normal pregnancy progression requires the establishment of an immune balance for the fetus with semi-allogeneic genes and is associated with multiple roles of progestins through progestin receptors such as cytokines, natural killer cell activity and antibody production. The mother produces a special protein called progestin-inducible blocking factor (PIBF), which is the main cause of maternal immune tolerance to the fetus. Circulating progesterone levels and pregnancy outcomes are closely related. Patients with spontaneous abortion and recurrent miscarriage not only have low levels of progesterone but also lower progesterone cytosolic receptors and nuclear receptors. Some studies have pointed out that the progesterone receptor gene may have some polymorphism, which may affect the development and outcome of pregnancy. However, this claim has not been confirmed by other studies. In short, progesterone production, secretion and progesterone receptor determines the development of a normal pregnancy.