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八一三淞沪会战,日本称为第二次上海事变,是中日双方在中国全面抗战开始后的第一场大型会战,也是整个中日战争中进行的规模最大、战斗最为惨烈的一场战役。会战开始于1937年8月13日,是卢沟桥事变后,蒋介石为了把日军由北向南的入侵方向引导改变为由东向西,以利于长期作战,而在上海采取主动反击的战役。中日双方动员兵力超过100万人,至11月12日,中国军队全线撤离上海战场止,战役历时三个月。在这场会战中,日军投入8个师团和2个旅团近30万人,最终宣布死伤4万余人;中国军队投入最精锐的国民革命军中央教导总队及八十七师、八十八师等148个师和62个旅共80余万人,统计死伤30万人。对于中国而言,八一三淞沪会战标志两国之间不宣而战,但又是全面战争的真正开始,标志着卢沟桥事变后的地区性冲突升级为全面战争,并彻底粉碎了日本“三个月灭亡中国”计划,将狂妄的日本拖入了战争泥潭。
The August 13th Battle of Shanghai and Shanghai and the Second Shanghai Incident by Japan are the first large-scale battle between China and Japan after the all-out war of resistance in China was started. They are also the largest and most tragic battle in the entire Sino-Japanese war Battle. The battle began on August 13, 1937, after the Lugouqiao Incident, in which Chiang Kai-shek took the initiative to fight back in Shanghai in order to change the direction of the Japanese troops from north to south in the direction of invasion from east to west to facilitate long-term fighting. Both China and Japan mobilized more than 1 million troops and by November 12, the Chinese troops had been evacuated from the battlefield in Shanghai only for a period of three months. In this battle, the Japanese army invested 8 divisions and 2 brigades of nearly 300,000 people and eventually declared more than 4,000 dead and wounded; the Chinese army devoted the most elite National Revolutionary Army Central Teaching Corps and eighty-seven divisions, eighty Eight divisions and 148 divisions and 62 brigades totaling more than 800,000 people, accounting for 300,000 casualties. For China, the August 13th Battle of Shanghai Munitions marked the real war between the two countries but it was the beginning of a comprehensive war, marking the escalation of the regional conflicts following the Lugouqiao Incident to a full-scale war and the total crushing of Japan’s “ Three months to perish China ”plan, the arrogant Japan into the mire of war.