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采用粘性系数小的空气作为润滑剂使用,理论的出现已经经历了百余年了。但是,气体轴承登上科学技术的舞台、充分发挥其独特的长处,还是最近二十多年来的事.气体轴承的摩擦小、寿命长,适用于高温、低温和辐射能等各种复杂的环境。所以,在宇宙航空、精密仪器、精密机械、电子计算机、原子能开发以及化学工业和医疗方面都起着很大的作用。但是,众所周知,为了计算和应用的方便,对于作为气体润滑理论基础的流体力学与其基本方程式作了许多假设和简化。这对于简化设计是必要的。但是,这种分析方法与实际情况有很大的差异,这就给轴承的设计计算工作带来了误差。目前,在设计气体轴承时所采用的设计计算方法,大都是基于一元流动的理论。这种计算方法简便,容易掌握,同时有现成的图表可查,然而计算的误差相当大。特别是当轴承的几何尺寸大,进气孔数目与孔径的大小选择不得当时,这项误差大到使计算结果难以置信的程度。提高设计计算的精度,其价值在于使设计计算的结果具有更大程度的可靠性,同时也避免在设计中对加工精度和功率的需求提出过高和过苛的要求。本文说明了一种基于复变函数理论的计算方法,报告了采用这种方法对大型多进气孔止轴承进行设计计算的结果。计算的结果与对实物测试所得到的数据较好地吻合。
The use of small viscous air as a lubricant, the theory has appeared for more than a hundred years. However, the gas bearing boarded the stage of science and technology, give full play to its unique strengths, or the last two decades of things. Gas bearing friction, long life, suitable for high temperature, low temperature and radiation and other complex surroundings. Therefore, in aerospace, precision instruments, precision machinery, computer, atomic energy development and chemical industry and medical play a big role. However, it is well known that for the convenience of calculation and application, many assumptions and simplifications have been made for the fluid mechanics and its basic equations that underlie the theory of gas lubrication. This is necessary to simplify the design. However, this analysis method and the actual situation is very different, which gives the bearing design and calculation work has brought errors. At present, the design and calculation methods used in the design of gas bearings are mostly based on the theory of one-dimensional flow. This calculation method is simple, easy to grasp, at the same time ready-made charts can be found, however, the calculation error is quite large. Especially when the bearing geometry is large, the number of air inlets and the size of the aperture are not chosen properly, this error is so large that the calculation results are unbelievable. The value of improving design calculations is to make the results of design calculations more reliable and to avoid over-and over-arching demands on machining accuracy and power in the design. This paper describes a calculation method based on the theory of complex functions and reports the results of the design and calculation of large multi-air-inlet bearings using this method. The calculated results are in good agreement with the data obtained from physical tests.