Lianhuaqingwen(LHQW)capsule,a herb medicine product,has been clinically proved to be effective in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pneumonia treatment.However,human exposure to LHQW components and their pharmacological effects remain largely unknown.Hence,this study aimed to determine human exposure to LHQW components and their anti-COVID-19 pharmacological activ-ities.Analysis of LHQW component profiles in human plasma and urine after repeated therapeutic dosing was conducted using a combination of HRMS and an untargeted data-mining approach,leading to detec-tion of 132 LHQW prototype and metabolite components,which were absorbed via the gastrointestinal tract and formed via biotransformation in human,respectively.Together with data from screening by comprehensive 2D angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2)biochromatography,8 components in LHQW that were exposed to human and had potential ACE2 targeting ability were identified for further pharmacodynamic evaluation.Results show that rhein,forsythoside A,forsythoside I,neochlorogenic acid and its isomers exhibited high inhibitory effect on ACE2.For the first time,this study provides chemical and biochemical evidence for exploring molecular mechanisms of therapeutic effects of LHQW capsule for the treatment of COVID-19 patients based on the components exposed to human.It also dem-onstrates the utility of the human exposure-based approach to identify pharmaceutically active compo-nents in Chinese herb medicines.