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目的了解甘肃省临夏回族自治州(临夏州)国家免疫规划(NIP)疫苗接种率及其影响因素。方法采用批质量保证抽样方法(LQAS),以乡为单位开展接种率调查,每个乡镇随机抽取5个行政村的2~3岁适龄儿童42人,入户调查NIP疫苗接种情况。结果调查儿童NIP疫苗接种率除DTP4、MCV2、JEV2和Hep A外,均大于95.00%,基础五苗(除MCV1外)大于90.00%,其余NIP疫苗各剂次接种率均小于90.00%,新增疫苗(除MPV-A1为91.92%外)均小于85.00%,扩大免疫合格率为80.55%,总漏种率为2.96%,NIP疫苗接种率以乡为单位总达标率为76.70%。汉族儿童接种率、合格接种率均高于回族、东乡族等少数民族,且地区差异明显,有统计学意义(χ2=13.10~24.29,P<0.05)。结论临夏州NIP疫苗接种率在90.00%以上,但合格接种率相对偏低,与以乡为单位接种率≥90.00%的目标仍有较大差距,且地区差异、民族差别明显;应针对薄弱县(市)和重点人群,强化培训宣传,完善预防接种服务,注重及时接种,全面提高和保持以乡为单位NIP疫苗接种率水平。
Objective To understand the national immunization program (NIP) vaccination rate and its influencing factors in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province (Linxia Prefecture). Methods The batch quality assurance sampling method (LQAS) was used to investigate the vaccination rate in each township. 42 township children aged 2 ~ 3 were randomly selected from 5 administrative villages in each township to investigate the status of NIP vaccination. Results The rates of vaccination of children with NIP were more than 95.00% except for DTP4, MCV2, JEV2 and Hep A, and the coverage rates of basic five seedlings (except MCV1) were more than 90.00%. The inoculation rates of other NIP vaccines were less than 90.00% The vaccine (except for 91.92% of MPV-A1) was less than 85.00%, the rate of expanding immunity was 80.55% and the total leakage rate was 2.96%. The total compliance rate of NIP vaccine was 76.70% in rural areas. The vaccination rate and eligible vaccination rate of Han children were higher than those of Hui, Dongxiang and other ethnic minorities. There were significant differences between the two groups (χ2 = 13.10-24.29, P <0.05). Conclusion The vaccination rate of NIP vaccine in Linxia Prefecture is over 90.00%, but the eligible vaccination rate is relatively low, and there is still a big gap between the vaccination rate and rural population. The differences in areas and ethnic differences are obvious. (Cities) and key population, strengthen training and publicity, improve vaccination services, pay attention to timely vaccination, and comprehensively improve and maintain the level of NIP vaccination rate in township level.