清人刘熙载的《艺概》,在评论作家作品的同时,亦谈及作文的方法,由于他注意探讨写作的规律,能“阐前人之已发,扩前人之未发”。因而不乏精到的见解。笔者试就学习所得,举其纲要,略加评述,聊供指导写作时参考。 《艺概》谈作文法固然跳不出前人所说的“理、法、辞、气”的范围,但在具体阐发其中的要义时,则有不少超越前辈一步之处。刘熙载在主张:“理取正而精,法取密而通,辞取雅而切,气取清而厚”的同时,还提出为文的“三要”和“七戒”,即“主意要纯一而贯摄,格局要整齐而变 While commenting on the writers ’works, Qing Yi Liu Xizai’s “Alchemy” also talked about essay writing methods. Since he paid attention to the law of writing, he could “elucidate the predecessors’ fatalities and extend the unrepresented ones.” So there is no lack of refined insights. I try to learn the income, give its outline, a little comment, chatting for guidance when writing reference. Although it is impossible for the composition method to jump beyond the range of “reason, law, rhetoric and morality” as mentioned by the predecessors, there are quite a few steps beyond its predecessors in elucidating the essence of the essay. At the same time, Liu Xizai also put forward the “three requirements” and “the seven precepts” of the article, namely, “the idea of” To be pure and consistent, the pattern should be neat and changeable