论文部分内容阅读
罗马法在《阿奎利亚法》之外还创造了损害投偿制度来规范责任人对其支配下的奴隶和牲畜的致损行为承担责任,该制度的产生有着特定的历史背景,即侵权责任由复仇向赔偿转变的过程中,其自身有着严格的构成要件,即责任人主观上无过错,处于责任人支配下的人或牲畜造成损害事实和损害事实发生时或发生后存在支配关系。尽管近现代大陆法系侵权法中只有《埃塞俄比亚民法典》直接继承和发展了罗马法上的损害投偿制度,但该制度体现出的无过错归责原则下对责任人的赔偿责任进行限制和支配人要对受支配人或物所造成的损害负责的立法精神,却对近现代侵权法中无过错归责原则下责任有限性和替代责任产生了不同程度影响。同时,损害投偿制度所体现出的立法者在对一般侵权进行立法之外专门对特殊侵权进行立法的作法直接影响了后世大陆法系对侵权法体系的构建。
In addition to the Aquillaia Act, the Roman Law also created a system of damages that regulated the liability of responsible persons for the detrimental effects on the slaves and livestock under their control. The system had a specific historical background, namely infringement In the process of the change of responsibility from revenge to compensation, it has its own strict constitutional elements, that is, the subjective faultlessness of the responsible person, the fact that the person or livestock under the control of the responsible person caused the damage to the fact and the damage occurred when or after the occurrence of the dominance relationship. Although only the Ethiopian Civil Code directly inherits and develops the damage compensation system in the Roman law in the modern civil law tort law, the system imposes no liability on the liable person under the principle of no fault. The legislative spirit that the dictator is responsible for the damage caused by the person or thing under control has a varying degree of impact on the limited liability and alternative liability under the principle of no fault in the modern tort law. At the same time, the legislature embodied in the system of damages has a direct impact on the construction of the tort law system in the later civilizations.