在“新马克思主义”的旗帜下反对马克思主义,这是当代西方的一股社会思潮。作为“新马克思主义”的一个主要流派,法兰克福学派在哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义三个领域全面地反对马克思主义,宣扬马克思主义“过时论”。在哲学自然观上,法兰克福学派继承了卢卡奇等人开创的“新马克思主义”传统,歪曲马克思的自然观,捏造马克思和恩格斯在自然观问题上根本对立的事实,攻击恩格斯的自然辩证法。本文试图通过评析法兰克福 Opposing Marxism under the banner of “New Marxism” is a social trend of thought in the contemporary West. As a major genre of “neo-Marxism,” the Frankfurt School comprehensively opposed Marxism in three areas: philosophy, political economy and scientific socialism, and proclaimed the “outdated theory” of Marxism. On the philosophical view of nature, the Frankfurt School inherited the “new Marxism” tradition initiated by Lukacs et al., Distorted Marx's view of nature, fabricated the fact that Marx and Engels fundamentally contradicted each other on the concept of nature, and attacked Engels's dialectics of nature. This article attempts to analyze Frankfurt