彼得·圣吉提出了学习型组织的五项标志:个人熟练(Personal mastery)、心智模型(mental models)、共同愿景(shared vision),团队学习(team learning)以及系统思考(sys-tems thinking)。学习型组织的标志和特征使其极具诱惑力。于是,关于学习型组织是什么的各种定义便应运而生。如将学习型组织作如下描述性的定义:在这种组织性的文化中,优先考虑个体发展,陈旧的以及错误的思维方式将得到积极的确认和纠正,组织的目标和愿景为其所有成员清晰地理解并被支持。在这一框架内,系统思考能使人们认识到组织是如何真正运作;如何形成一个计划;以及如何公开地、协调共同工作以实现这一计划的。学习型组织能促进个体解放,使他们的潜力得到最大限度的发挥,而成为创新型的、智慧型的工人。学习型 Peter St. Ji presents five hallmarks of learning organization: Personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, team learning, and sys-tems thinking. . Learning organization's logo and characteristics make it very attractive. As a result, various definitions of what a learning organization is all about. For example, a learning organization is defined as a descriptive definition: in this organizational culture, prioritizing individual development, old and wrong ways of thinking will be positively identified and corrected, and the organization's goals and visions will be all its members Clearly understood and supported. Within this framework, systematic thinking enables one to see how the organization really functions; how one can form a plan; and how to work openly and in coordination to work together to achieve that plan. Learning organizations can promote the liberation of individuals so that their potential can be maximized and become innovative and intelligent workers. Learning type