刑法上的认识错误不仅影响行为人的罪过形式、刑事责任,而且也涉及犯罪的既遂或未遂,是刑法中的一个重要课题。法律认识错误和事实认识错误构成了刑法上认识错误的主要分类。本文笔者通过对认识错误进行研究,以期规范我国的定罪量刑体制,完善我国的认识错误体系,由此为科学指导我国的司法实践贡献自己的微薄之力。 Cognitive errors in the criminal law not only affect the perpetrator’s criminal form, criminal responsibility, but also the accomplice or attempted crime, which is an important issue in criminal law. The misunderstanding of the law and the factual cognition constitute the main category of misunderstanding in the criminal law. In this paper, the author studies misconceptions to regulate China’s system of conviction and sentencing and improve our system of misunderstanding, so as to contribute our own meager power to scientifically guide our country’s judicial practice.