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经济学家无不重视制度及制度变迁。这是因为,“制度构造了人们在政治、社会或经济方面发生交换的激励结构,制度变迁则决定了社会演进的诬蔑破绽经是理解历史变迁的关键。”(道格拉斯·C·诺斯)。这样说吧,一个社会的资源条件好比说土地啊、矿产啊都是给定的,与此同时技术也是给定的,按理说,这个时候,这些条件将决定生产的最大可能性边界,或者说经济发展的机会了。其实不然,因为这些生产要素状况以及技术状况能否得到发挥,完完全全地要取决于制度约束。而在通常的情况下,制度通常都会制约资源和技术的最大限度的发挥,使经济增长达不到潜在增长率水平,严重者甚至“锁定”于长期停滞的悲哀增长路径。
Economists all attach importance to system and system change. This is because the “institution” creates an incentive structure for people to exchange politically, socially, or economically and the institutional change determines the stigmatization of social evolution. “The flaw is the key to understanding historical changes.” (Douglas C. North ). To put it in such terms, the conditions of resources in a society are like those of land, minerals, and at the same time, technology is given. It stands to reason that at this time these conditions will determine the maximum likelihood of production, or Opportunity for economic development. In actual fact, because the status of these factors of production and technical conditions can be played, completely depends on the system constraints. Under normal circumstances, the system usually restricts the maximum exertion of resources and technologies so that the economic growth will not reach the potential growth rate, or even “lock-in” the path of long-term stagnant growth of sorrow.