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应用巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）对214例乙型肝炎（乙肝）血清学指标阳性的母亲血清、初乳进行了HBVDNA检测。结果：乙肝抗原阳性组母血、初乳中HBVDNA检出率分别为35．06％（54／154）、29．22％（45／154），其中10例乙肝e抗原阳性者母血及初乳中均植出HBVDNA。乙肝抗原阴性组母血、初乳中HBVDNA检出率分别为8．33％（5／60）、10％（6／60）。说明，母亲e抗原阳性是婴儿易受到乙肝病毒感染的标志，不宜母乳喂养。无症状乙肝表面抗原携带产妇和乙肝病毒感染后恢复期产妇体内可能存在低水平的病毒复制，有潜在的传染性，在推行母乳喂养时，新生儿应给予高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫，以阻断通过母乳喂养所致的HBV母婴传播。
Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect HBVDNA in 214 maternal serum and colostrum with positive serological markers of hepatitis B (hepatitis B). Results: The positive rates of HBVDNA in maternal serum and colostrum of HBsAg positive group were 35.06% (54/154) and 29.22% (45/154), respectively. Of the 10 HBsAg positive cases, Breast milk are HBVDNA. The detection rates of HBVDNA in maternal blood and colostrum of patients with negative HBeAg were 8.33% (5/60) and 10% (6/60), respectively. That mothers e antigen positive baby is susceptible to hepatitis B virus infection, not breastfeeding. Asymptomatic hepatitis B surface antigen to carry maternal and post-hepatitis B virus infection in the recovery of pregnant women may have low levels of virus replication, potentially infectious, in the promotion of breastfeeding, newborns should be given high titer hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine combination Immune to block mother-to-child transmission of HBV through breastfeeding.