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《理想国》是一部讲述哲学与政治紧张关系的绝妙寓言。在柏拉图看来,整个世界分为两个部分,即可见的、可感的世界与可知的世界。哲学王是这部寓言的核心角色。按照柏拉图的逻辑,哲学王的产生有两条路径:哲学家成为哲学王,或者现实的王爱慕哲学成为哲学家。在第一个路径中,某些人经历灵魂的转向首先成为哲学家,随后经过“两个说服”:说服哲学家成为统治者以及说服大众接受哲学家的统治,哲学家便成为哲学王。然而在《理想国》中,柏拉图也深刻意识到第二个说服实际是无效的。哲学无法掌握权力其结果是只能走上第二个路径,即哲学倒向权力、为权力所用。因此,从哲学家向哲学王过渡的这两个说服是我们理解《理想国》乃至柏拉图总体思想的一把关键的钥匙。回到苏格拉底的那种不与政治和解的哲学,才是哲学的最大希望。
Ideal Nation is a wonderful allegory about the tension between philosophy and politics. To Plato, the whole world is divided into two parts: the visible, the sensible and the unknowable. Philosopher Wang is the central character of this parable. According to Plato’s logic, there are two paths to the emergence of the philosopher king: the philosopher becomes the philosopher, or the actual Wang Aimu philosophy becomes a philosopher. In the first path, some people experience the turning of the soul first of all as a philosopher, and then after “two persuasions”: persuading philosophers to become rulers and convincing the public to accept the rule of philosophers, philosophers become philosophers . However, in “The Republic of China,” Plato is also deeply aware that the second persuasion is not effective. Philosophy can not grasp the power of the result is only the second path can go, that philosophy backward power, for power. Therefore, the two persuasions that have taken place from philosopher to philosopher-king are a key key to our understanding of the “ideal nation” and even of the general idea of Plato. The philosophy of returning to Socrates that is not in political reconciliation is the greatest hope of philosophy.