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基于虚拟水和水足迹理论,对上海市2003~2013年的水足迹进行了分析,并对水资源状况进行了评价。上海市2003-2013年总水足迹介于198.42×108m~3和235.52×108m~3之间,总体呈先增长后下降趋势,人均水足迹总体呈下降趋势,水资源经济效益指数逐年呈增长趋势,年均增长率13.59%,水资源匮乏指数在5.89~10.54之间,水资源压力指数在5.60~9.81之间,总体呈下降趋势,但基数仍然较大。应在进一步提高水资源利用效率的同时,积极寻找新的水源,或通过贸易的方式从其他地区或国家输入大量的虚拟水以缓解水资源短缺压力。
Based on the theory of virtual water and water footprint, the water footprint in Shanghai from 2003 to 2013 was analyzed and the status of water resources was evaluated. The total water footprint of Shanghai in 2003-2013 ranged from 198.42 × 108m 3 to 235.52 × 108m 3, which showed an overall trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The average water footprint per capita showed a decreasing trend, and the economic benefit index of water resources showed an increasing trend year by year , With an average annual growth rate of 13.59%. The index of water scarcity was between 5.89 and 10.54. The water resource pressure index was between 5.60 and 9.81, showing an overall downward trend, but the base was still large. Should further improve water use efficiency, while actively looking for new sources of water, or by way of trade from other regions or countries, a large number of imported virtual water to ease the pressure of water shortage.