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一、何谓单克隆抗体? 答:一个B淋巴细胞,受抗原刺激后,分裂、增殖为一个细胞克隆(Clone、株、系),该细胞纯系的每一细胞所产生抗体(免疫球蛋白)分子结构相同,均特异性地针对抗原的一个决定簇(表达抗原特性的由四、五个氨基酸组成的活性基团)。这种产生自一个纯细胞系的纯净抗体,称单克隆抗体。按Burnet的克隆选择理论,体内数以亿计的B淋巴细胞,每一细胞只有一种抗原受体,只能与抗原表面的一种决定簇结合;换言之,一个特异构型的抗原决定簇,只与一个与其恰当嵌合的B淋巴细胞抗原受体结合,然后该B淋巴细胞便被激活,分裂增殖为产生针对这一抗原决定簇的抗体的细胞克隆。由于抗原表面一般不只一种抗原决定簇,通常具有数个甚至
First, what is a monoclonal antibody? A: A B lymphocyte that is stimulated by an antigen to divide and proliferate into a cell clone (Clone, strain) that produces antibodies (immunoglobulins) produced by each cell in its pure line Molecular structure of the same, are specifically targeted against a determinant of the antigen (antigen expression characteristics of the four or five amino acid active groups). This pure antibody derived from a pure cell line, called a monoclonal antibody. According to Burnet’s theory of clonal selection, hundreds of millions of B lymphocytes in the body have only one type of antigen receptor per cell, which can only bind to a determinant on the surface of the antigen; in other words, a specific epitope, Binds to only one B-lymphocyte antigen receptor to which it is properly chimeric, and then the B-lymphocytes are activated and the cleaved proliferation is the cell clone that produces the antibody against this antigenic determinant. Since the surface of an antigen is generally not just one antigenic determinant, it usually has several or even more