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在当代政治哲学的分配正义理论当中,公平是一个非常重要的概念,但对这个概念本身的解释又是模糊不清的。罗尔斯和运气平等主义者把公平与平等等同起来,但他们无法充分说明公平本身的复杂性。约翰·布鲁姆对公平做了更全面且更有说服力的论述,他认为能够提出公平要求的道德理由是应得、需要或协议,应该依据候选人要求强度的不同,合比例地满足他们的要求,在善是稀缺且不可分割的情况下,应该通过抽彩进行公平分配。文章试图在分析并批判布鲁姆的公平理论的基础上,追问公平本身的内涵。
In contemporary political philosophy, the theory of distributive justice, fairness is a very important concept, but the explanation of the concept itself is vague. Rawls and the egalitarians equate equality with equality, but they fail to fully explain the complexity of equity itself. John Broome made a more comprehensive and persuasive account of fairness, arguing that moral grounds for being able to claim fairness are deserved, needed, or agreed upon, and that they should be proportionately satisfied, depending on the strength of the candidate’s needs In the absence of goodness and inseparability, fair lottery allocation should be adopted. The article tries to analyze the conjecture of fairness on the basis of analyzing and criticizing Bloom’s fair theory.