:基因芯片技术作为生物芯片技术一个发展最完备的分支 ,近十年来 ,已经成为国内外研究的一个热点。基因芯片可以分为cDNA芯片和寡核苷酸芯片。cDNA芯片有多种制备方法 ,在基因表达相关研究方面具有重大价值 ;寡核苷酸芯片以美国Affymetrix公司的GeneChip 为代表 ,主要应用于杂交测序、单核苷酸多态性分析和突变检测。本文分别对这两种芯片的制备、样品处理、杂交和信号检测分析技术作一综述 ,对近年来基因芯片技术在微生物学领域的应用进行了介绍 : Gene chip technology as the most complete branch of biochip technology development over the past decade, has become a hot spot at home and abroad. Gene chips can be divided into cDNA chips and oligonucleotide chips. There are a variety of preparation methods for cDNA microarray, which is of great value in gene expression related research. The oligonucleotide microarray is represented by Affymetrix GeneChip, which is mainly used in hybrid sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis and mutation detection. In this paper, the preparation, sample processing, hybridization and signal detection and analysis techniques of these two kinds of chips are summarized respectively. The application of gene chip technology in the field of microbiology is introduced in recent years