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分析中央财政政策对改善西藏自治区(西藏)农牧民生活的影响应当结合西藏的实际。西藏农牧民有“重存栏头数”和“重农牧轻商”的传统,牲畜出栏率和粮食出售率很低,牲畜和粮食的增产对西藏农牧民人均纯收入增加的影响有限,不宜将农牧民人均纯收入作为反映农牧民生活水平高低的关键性指标,而将“农牧民对物质生活的满足程度”作为解释性指标更为合理。本文通过对西藏19个县149个农牧户的3年生产和生活数据共计447个完全对称样本的分析,指出中央财政扶持政策对西藏农牧民生活水平的改善有积极作用,但在有些领域上的作用尚未充分反映,这为今后改善中央对西藏的财政政策有重要参考。
Analysis of the impact of the central fiscal policy on improving the living standards of Tibetans and herdsmen should be based on the reality of Tibet. Tibet’s farmers and herdsmen have the tradition of “re-depositing stalls” and “heavy agro-pastoralists” with low rates of livestock slaughter and food sales. The increase in livestock and grain output has increased the per capita net income of Tibetan farmers and herdsmen It is not appropriate to take the per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen as the key indicator of the living standard of farmers and herdsmen, and to make the “satisfaction degree of the peasants and herdsmen to material life” more reasonable as an explanatory indicator. In this paper, we analyze the total 447 completely symmetrical samples of 149 farmers and herdsmen in 19 counties in Tibet and point out that the central government’s supportive policies have a positive effect on the improvement of living standard of Tibet farmers and herdsmen. However, in some areas The role of the Central Government in this regard has not yet been fully reflected, which is an important reference for improving the Central Government’s fiscal policy toward Tibet in the future.