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对福建三明莘口教学林场不同发育阶段杉木人工林进行凋落物现存量、持水特性及失水特性研究。结果表明:不同发育阶段杉木人工林凋落物的现存量表现为老龄林(3.47t/hm2)>中龄林(2.24t/hm2)>幼龄林(1.53t/hm2)。凋落物持水量表现为老龄林>中龄林>幼龄林;最大持水量表现为老龄林(11.8t/hm2)>中龄林(7.73t/hm2)>幼龄林(4.24t/hm2);最大持水率表现为中龄林(477.48%)>幼龄林(376.57%)>老龄林(291.98%);最大失水量表现为老龄林(4.29t/hm2)>中龄林(2.91t/hm2)>幼龄林(1.71t/hm2);最大失水率表现为中龄林(129.90%)>老龄林(124.15%)>幼龄林(112.04%)。凋落物层吸水速率均表现在前0.5h内最快,说明凋落物层具有快速拦截地表径流的作用。凋落物的持水量、持水率、失水量、失水率与时间之间的最佳拟合关系式为W=a+bln t;吸水速率、失水速率与时间之间的最佳拟合关系式为V=atb。老林龄杉木凋落物层具有现存量大、持水量大、吸水速率强等特点,具有较强的生态水文功能。
Study on Litter Standing Capacity, Water Holding Capacity and Water Loss Characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations at Different Developmental Stages in Xinming Teaching Forest Farm, Sanming, Fujian Province. The results showed that the existing litter of Chinese fir plantations at different developmental stages was 3.47 t / hm2> 2.24 t / hm2> 1.53 t / hm2. The maximum water holding capacity of old-aged stands (11.8t / hm2)> middle-aged stands (7.73t / hm2)> young stands (4.24t / hm2) (477.48%)> young forest (376.57%)> aged forest (291.98%). The maximum water loss showed that the maximum water loss was 4.29t / hm2> 2.91t / hm2)> 1.71 t / hm2. The maximum water loss rate was middle age forest (129.90%), aged forest (124.15%) and young forest (112.04%). The water absorption rate of litter layer was the fastest in the first 0.5 h, indicating that the litter layer has the function of quickly intercepting surface runoff. The best fitting relation between water holding capacity, water holding capacity, water loss, water loss rate and time of litter was W = a + bln t. The best fitting between water absorption rate, water loss rate and time The relationship is V = atb. The old age litter layer of Chinese fir has the characteristics of large existing stock, large water holding capacity and strong water absorption rate, which has strong ecological and hydrological functions.