孔子云:“狂者进取。”何晏集解引包咸语曰:“狂者进取于善道。”邢疏曰:“狂者进取于善道,知进而不知退。”朱熹《集注》:“狂者志极高而行不掩。”这些大儒所说的“狂”,蕴涵着一种极其珍贵的人类精神——淑世的良知和进取的热忱。这是一种以天下为己任,渴望经邦济世、益国益民的高尚精神。中国古代文人中,最富于这种精神的要数春秋战国、汉、唐、宋代。我研究宋代文化、文学时,常常为宋代文人富有这种“狂者”精神而感动,虽然,也深为这种精神在当代文人中的失落而遗憾。为此,我觉得我们这些研究文化遗产的学人,对前贤的精神做些介绍是有益的。据说宋太祖立国三年曾刻誓碑,上书三条誓言立于太庙以密诫其子孙嗣帝位者。其一曰:“不得杀士大夫及上书言事人。”这句话包含右文和纳言两条重大国策,体现了赵宋皇室的文化胸怀和政治远见。清王夫之云:“自太祖勒不 Confucius said: “crazy enterprising.” He Yan Jixi package quoted Baoyu said: “The madman progressive envy.” Xing Shu said: “the madman aggressive way, know and then retreat.” Zhu Xi “focus”: “mad The ambitions of these Confucians are ”mad“, implying an extremely precious human spirit - the conscience of the world and the enthusiasm of enterprising. This is a noble spirit that takes the world as its own responsibility and longs for the blessing of the world economy and the benefit of the nation and the people. Among the ancient Chinese literati, the most abundant in this spirit are the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods, Han, Tang and Song Dynasties. When I studied the culture and literature in Song Dynasty, I was always touched by the fact that the literati in Song Dynasty were rich in this ”madman“ spirit. However, I regretted the loss of such spirit in contemporary literati. For this reason, I think it is helpful for us scholars who study the cultural heritage to introduce the spirit of the predecessors. Song Taizu was said to have inscribed a monument three years after his founding. Three of his oaths were pledged to stand in the Imperial Ancestral Temple to secretly command those of his descendants. One said: ”not to kill the doctor and writers.“ This sentence contains both the right and the statement of two major national policies, reflecting the Zhao Song and Song royal family culture and political foresight. Qing Wang Fu’s cloud: ”Since too Zulu not