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健康的生态系统能够提供水土保持、防风固沙、涵养水源、调节气候、减少环境污染、增加游憩地与文化保护等良好的生态服务价值。然而,生态环境修复与建设不仅需要巨大的经费投入,也需要占用大量的自然资源。为了正确理解人工造林活动的成本问题,论文用7种蒸散发模型首次对我国1949年以来人工造林和自然植被恢复的耗水量及人工造林耗水量的机会成本进行计算,初步了解人工修复活动对水资源供给的影响。结果显示,1952—2011年我国人工造林累计耗水量比自然修复多767×108m3,水机会成本累计536×108元。为了维护生态平衡,生态修复(尤其是人工修复)和经济活动都应关注水资源的成本问题,通过不同措施的成本效益比较,最大限度地降低生态修复成本,这是修复生态学需要面对的重要科学问题之一。
Healthy ecosystems can provide good ecological services such as soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, water conservation, climate regulation, environmental pollution reduction and increased recreation and cultural preservation. However, the restoration and construction of ecological environment need not only huge investment but also huge natural resources. In order to correctly understand the cost of afforestation activities, the paper uses seven models of evapotranspiration for the first time to calculate the water consumption of artificial afforestation and natural vegetation restoration in China since 1949 and the opportunity cost of afforestation water consumption, and to understand the effects of artificial restoration activities on water The impact of resource supply. The results showed that the accumulated water consumption of artificial afforestation in China from 1952 to 2011 was 767 × 108m3 more than the natural restoration and the water opportunity cost was 536 × 108 Yuan. In order to maintain the ecological balance, ecological restoration (especially artificial restoration) and economic activities should pay attention to the cost of water resources and minimize the cost of ecological restoration through cost-benefit comparison of different measures, which is the need of restoration ecology One of the important scientific issues.