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一、劳动和劳动量的概念对于劳动者来说劳动就是劳动力的支出,对于生产来说劳动就是劳动力的投入,就是人的脑、神经、肌肉、手脚肢体等的活动投入到生产中的耗费。如何测定人体的这些不同类型活动的生产性耗费量(即劳动投入量)的大小?在我国社会主义经济现实生产中,体脑各种劳动力投入的方式和作用机制是相当复杂的,仅用消耗的时间和劳累的程度等项浅层指标是很难准确测定的。为此,可以不从劳动的投入方面去测定,转向从劳动的产出方面去测定劳动量。马克思说:“一切劳动,从一方面看,是人类劳动力在生理学意义上的耗费;作为相同的或抽象的人类劳动,它形成商品价值。”(马克思恩格斯全集》23卷60页)“劳动创造了商品的价
First, the concept of labor and labor For workers, labor is the expenditure of labor, labor for production is labor input, that is, human brain, nerves, muscles, limbs and other activities into the production cost. How to measure the amount of productive expenditure (ie labor input) of these different types of activities in the human body? The ways and mechanisms of various labor inputs in the brain are quite complex in the actual production of socialist economy in our country. The time and the degree of fatigue and other items of shallow indicators is difficult to accurately determine. For this reason, instead of measuring labor input, labor can be measured from the output of labor. Marx said: ”All labor, on the one hand, is the physiological cost of human labor; it is the same or abstract human labor, which forms the value of the commodity.“ (Complete Works of Marx and Engels, vol. 23, p. 60) ”Labor creates the price of the good